MSC Guruji

 Importance of morphological classification - Our knowledge of fungal taxonomy is primarily based on morphology-based classification. - Cost of novel technologies is vert high, whereas morphological analysis are low in cost and results are obtained rapidly. - There are also wrongly named sequences or sequence data with errors in Genebank and morphology helps to resolve the classification of them. - Large number of extinct species do not have molecular data, and most databases contain morphological data in them. Therfore, reseacher can comapre those data among different groups of fungi even in absence of molecular data. - Also molecular data is very costly which many researchers aren't able to obtain. - In last 2 decades, huge amount of  newly discovered species were introduced based on both morphological and genotypic characters and their classification was done. Under most circumstances, both classification have found to be complementary. This shows us that morphological clas...

 Thermophiles thermophiles are organisms having affinity or liking towards high  temperature , or in simple words,  high temperature-loving organisms  are known as  thermophiles . Classification 1) Facultative - below 50 degree celcuis 2) obligate at 55 c 3) hyper - 90 above example: lactobacciilus and streptococcus properties; 1)  Thermophiles have adapted enzymes and protein molecules that can conduct functions like photosynthesis and digestion within a cell at extreme temperatures. 2)  The DNA of thermophiles is adapted to life at high temperatures as well 3)  All thermophiles are non-pathogenic as they cannot survive at body temperature 4) Habitat- deep spring and active volcanose applications 1) hygiene indicator of processed product (dairy processing) 2) used in mining sector 3) candidate organisms for exposure to outer spcae Halophiles They are extremophiles that live in high salt concentration classification 1) Mild halophiles - 1-6% NACL ...

  Chapter 1: Fungal Systematics Q. Justify: Classification of molds is chiefly based on their morphological characters. ---Q. Give salient features of zygomycetes. ---Q. Give salient features of Basidiomycetes. --Q. Compare and contrast between basidiomycetes and ascomycetes. --Q. Jusitfy: Why morphological chatacterization is adequate for fungal classification upto class level? Q. Give outline of classification of fungi. Q. Enlist different classes of fungi with examples. Q. Describe various asexual pores found in different classes of fungi. Chapter 1: Fungal Systematics Q. Enlist different classes of fungi. Q. Differentiating  characters among different classes of fungi. Q. Importance of morphological characters in fungal differentiation and classfication. Chapter 2: Extremophiles Q. Enrichment, isolation, classification, properties and application of extremophiles: Thermophiles, psychrophiles, halophiles, acidophiles, methanogens Q. Adaptation mechanisms of extremophiles

Q. Describe cell cycle and diagrammatically represent the check points of cell cycle. Answer: 1. cell cycle is a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides. 2. check points of cell cycle are stages in cell cycle at which cell examines internal and external cues and devides whether or not to move forward with division. 3. The cell cycle consists of: G1 phase - This is first growth phase where cell increases in size and cellular contents are duplicated. S phase- DNA replications happens in this phase, each of 46 chromosomes are replicated by the cell. G2 phase - This is second growth phase where organelles and proteins develop for preparing for cell division. M phase- where mitosis occurs and cell seperates forming two identical daughter cells. 4. There are a number of check points, but three most important ones are - G1 checkpoint :  - it is present at G1/S transition - here the cell choses to divide or not to divide. - to make the decision, the cell checks ...

Chapter 1: Protein Chemistry Q. What is peptide linkage? Explain the partial double bond nature of peptide linkage. Q. Explain rretrival pathway of resisdential ER protein back to ER. -Q. Derive henderson and ahsselbalch equation and give its application in buffer preparation. Q. Explain bicarbonate bugger system. Q. Explain concept of buffer, strength of buffer and buffer value. Q. Describe classification of amino acid. Q. In what order will following amino acid elute from a dowex -50 column at ph 3.2 alanine (pl=6.02), arginine (pl=10.76), glutamic acid (pl=3.2), serine (pl=5.68), and tryptophan(pl=5.88)?  Q. Explain the role of signal Recognition particle in transfer of protein to the E.R. membrane. Q. Explain Anomers and Epimers of Glucose. Q. Give two epimers of glucose with strcuture. Q. Wha are tautomers? Give their implications  in pairing of bases. Q. What is quaternary structure of proteins? Exolain with suitable example/ Q. Explain the secondary structure of pr...