Clinical microbiology credit 1, 2 , 4
Adhesion: Definition: Adhesion is the ability of pathogenic microbes to attach or bind to host cells or tissues, which is an essential first step in the infection process. Points: Receptor-Ligand Interaction: Adhesion typically involves specific interactions between adhesins (surface molecules on the microbe) and host cell receptors. These interactions are highly specific, and they vary from one pathogen to another. Biofilm Formation: Some pathogens can form biofilms on surfaces within the host, such as mucous membranes or medical devices. Biofilms help microbes adhere to host tissues and provide protection from the host's immune system and antibiotics. Adhesion Mechanisms: Pathogens use various mechanisms for adhesion, including fimbriae, pili, capsules, and specialized adhesion proteins. Invasion: Definition: Invasion is the process by which pathogens enter host tissues or cells and establish infection. Points: Intracellular Invasion: Many pathogens can invade host cells, where t...